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Numerous studies have supported the validity [ 29- 33] and sensitivity to change [ 29, 34- 38] of the WOMAC and it is the recommended outcome assessment tool for assessing pain and physical function in studies investigating patients with osteoarthritis of the lower extremity [ 1- 3].
The VAS is one of the most frequently used methods for assessing pain intensity, 5, 6 and has also been applied in the assessment of depression, anxiety, and mobility.
We conclude from the results of our review that at present, none of these assessment scales is convincingly the most appropriate, and therefore preferable, scale for assessing pain in elderly people with dementia.
The primary endpoints for assessing pain were spontaneous pain response and areas of allodynia, pinprick hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation.
Although QST is the gold standard method for assessing pain hypersensitivity, it is not suitable for practical use in primary or secondary care clinics.
Limits of agreement indicated that there was no difference in PAINAD and CPOT scores for assessing pain in nonverbal patients in critical care.
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The simple emotion scales used in the MDP have previously proven useful for assessing pain-related emotions [ 27, 61].
34 The following parts from the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) 35 were used for assessing pain-related beliefs.
The length of the reporting period specified for items assessing pain and fatigue varies among instruments.
The key question is the degree to which adding a further measure – for example, assessing pain five times rather than four times – increases statistical power.
However, the literature assessing pain therapy for this procedure has not been systematically evaluated.
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