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Conversely, COGs coding for "accessory" functions, such as defense mechanisms (V), carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism (G and E), and secondary metabolites (P), are more represented in hits on proteobacterial taxa than in nonproteobacterial taxa.
Notably, the symbiosis inefficient AK83 lacked several genes required for microaerophilic growth inside nodules, while several genes for accessory functions related to competition, plant invasion and bacteroid tropism were identified only in AK83 and BL225C strains.
Under this scenario, a transition gradually took place from selection at the level of individual genetic elements to selection for ensembles of such elements encoding both enzymes directly involved in replication and proteins responsible for accessory functions, such as translation and nucleic acid precursor synthesis.
The separation of parasitic elements from cooperators would be cemented by the emergence of physical linkage of the latter: genes that encode components of the replication machinery and are physically linked to genes for accessory functions would be locked into ensembles of cooperators, whereas solitary genes (or small gene arrays) encoding replication functions would occupy the parasitic niche.
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These latter may co-occur with mercury resistance to provide accessory functions that are necessary for the transposition and the integration of the mer operon.
COG and pfam designations from IMG for each genome were used to determine shared and accessory functions across the 12 Clostridial phage genomes.
Thus, for the species P. gingivalis twenty-two, seventy-seven and twenty-three percent of the genome respectively are devoted to essential, core and accessory functions.
These data indicate that "accessory" functions are more taxonomically related than housekeeping functions.
We further aimed to determine whether a similar arrangement applies to LGN regions important for accessory visual function (intergeniculate leaflet and ventral part [IGL/vLGN]; [ 4, 5]).
By studying the expression of MHCII, CD86 and the potential of cDCs to present viral derived antigen to CD8 T cells, we found little evidence for altered DC accessory function when NK1.1-positive cells were depleted during influenza, lending little support to the former theory.
Together these results demonstrate a vital role for AR signaling via the smooth muscle cells for normal SV structure and function and reinforce the evidence that stromal-epithelial interactions are important for adult sex accessory function.
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