The magnitude of the association observed in subjects with low levels of antioxidant nutrient intakes is not sufficient to have important clinical implications at the individual level but, given the ubiquity of residential air pollution exposure, does have implications for a strong population-level impact.
Non-hierarchical AMOVA (Table 2) revealed a strong population genetic structure for cpDNA sequence variation at the species-range scale (ΦST = 0.929; P < 0.001).
The comparison of FST values between the sexes showed significantly higher values for males than for females, also suggesting a stronger population structure in males (FST♂ = 0.08, FST♀ = 0.02, P = 0.018).
We provide robust genetic evidence for strong population structure and an unexpected cryptic subdivision in this insect in China, clarifying some long-standing issues in the subspecific divergence of this insect.
We see that the model predicts a very strong population size effect for the dynamics of hybrid incompatibilities; as the scaled population size decreases the timescale for DMIs to arise sharply decreases.
Adjusting for the different substitution rates used, all of them showed evidence for quick and strong population growth in the late Pleistocene, likely near the end of the LGM, preceded by a population bottleneck that lasted for a few thousand years e.g., [13].
By multilocus microsatellite genotyping analysis, we provide ample genetic evidence for strong population substructure in this highly migratory insect that conforms to geography.
Both FST and Bayesian cluster analyses reveal unusually strong population structure for an outcrossing herbaceous species [11], providing little evidence for recent admixture or gene flow, but suggesting long-term persistence of isolated populations.
But beyond those legal considerations, said William Hurley, a senior vice president of the Georgia Aquarium, marine institutions need a strong captive population for research that could help safeguard the beluga as its Arctic habitat is transformed by a changing climate.
The Swiss hunting statistics gives evidence for a strong increase of the Swiss fox population from the mid 1980ies to the mid 1990ies (Swiss Federal Office for Environment).
White sharks are highly migratory, for example, yet genetic analysis has shown strong population structure.
