When objects within the stack assume very different main axes, this requirement of a single orientation leads to some inconveniences for objects along non-preferred directions.
To accommodate different models, from a single orientation to an ensemble, the simulation program reads the geometric data from a file and computes and adds spectra for all of the orientations contained in the file.
In addition, head-mounted cylindrical-lens-fitted goggles [24] provide an efficient tool for restricting visual experience to a single orientation.
Figure 7 summarizes such a composition for a switch from superposition (VH) to a single orientation (V or H).
Next, we tested whether this coding scheme also holds for complex stimuli that contain more than just a change to a single orientation.
The superposition of 2 orientations was presented for 30, 100, and 500 ms followed by a sudden switch to a single orientation (Fig. 6 A).
In our optical imaging on kittens exposed to a single orientation, stimulus-related intrinsic signals in response to unexposed orientations were reduced in cortical domains originally selective for the unexposed orientations (Fig. 3b), and a proportion of pixels without orientation selectivity tended to increase [15], consistently with single-unit recording by Stryker et al. [11].
Experimentally, this orientation plasticity is induced by exposure of young animals to retinal images restricted to a single orientation [9] [16].
Adaptation to a single orientation was shown to also enhance the representation of orthogonal orientations (Dragoi et al. 2002), which in our case would furthermore boost the on-response for the newly added orientation.
In addition, H266 is observed in two conformations for one protomer and a single orientation in the second protomer.
In contrast to the Y195F variant, the structure of caspase-3 Y195A/V266H) caspase-3 Y195A/V266H orientation for H266, which is observedemonstratestoward A195 and away from R164.
