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The European Commission (EC) decided to set up directly a single standard for a signalling system, the European Rail Traffic Management System.
For a signalling system to be stable, signals must confer net fitness benefits to senders and receivers, which means that some aspect of their design must correlate with a quality that receivers benefit from knowing about.
Our results strongly support the need of using proteomic approaches during systematic analysis of plant tissues to investigate the principle of substantial equivalence in transgenic plants expressing a transgene coding for a signalling molecule.
The states of these receptors, in addition to the states of the static receptors and scaffold elements, are used as input for a signalling model simulation.
The Agouti gene is usually expressed during a narrow window in embryogenesis and codes for a signalling molecule that can lead to either production of black eumelanin or yellow pheomelanin from a hair-cycle-specific promoter in exon 2 [ 63, 64].
Strikingly, this study showed that thrombin-activated PAR1/PAR2 heterodimers signal via a beta-arrestin-scaffold-mediated activation of MAPK in the cytoplasm, whereas the activation of the PAR1 monomer by thrombin promotes its redistribution to the nucleus, presumably for a signalling function.
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I waited for a signal from her.
The dog, Uxel, is waiting for a signal.
"I checked for a signal of life, hoping he was still alive," says Çıplak.
His animals check their mobiles for a signal and their wild nature at the door.
Then he ran to Rothschild's side and waited, as always, for a signal.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com