The degree of such G × E interaction can be estimated using the genetic correlation (rg) between measurements in two environments for a given trait.
Based on tissue affinity, we distinguish between two categories of dietary antioxidants: focal antioxidants that are intrinsically important for a given trait and nonfocal antioxidants that influence traits only indirectly.
When the alleles for a given trait are identical, the organism is said to be homozygous with respect to that gene, and the appearance of the corresponding trait is assured.
In addition, if the heritability and selection differential for a given trait are known, the evolutionary response can be predicted using the simple equation R = h2s.
For example, students' conceptions about which cells in an organism possess genes for a given trait can be remedied during instruction (Makarevitch et al. 2015).
They believe that for a given trait to be "genetic," there must be a fixed, immutable relationship between genotype and phenotype.
Both driven and passive dynamics may result in a distribution that is skewed in one direction, meaning that most species will exhibit values for a given trait at one end of the distribution with a decreasing number of species located along an extended tail at the other end of the distribution (Fig. 9).
One recommended strategy is to literally circle all the 1's for a given trait and group the taxa accordingly character by character (i.e., Bearus bigus, Bearus roughus, and Bearus redus are all bear-shaped; B. roughus and B. redus are both small and red).
For a given trait in a particular population, marker density may be a key factor.
This approach is based on the identification of the genetic determinism causing phenotypic variation for a given trait between accessions.
This allows us to assume that a particular haplotype is different from other haplotypes for a given trait.
