Based on the estimated parameters, we ran Monte Carlo simulations in order to predict the population variation in urinary cadmium as a function of lifetime exposure, for a given daily intake.
In this respect, it is important to realize for a given sodium intake that volume status can be very different between patients, depending on the avidity of sodium retaining mechanisms.
It has been shown that, for a given reduction in salt intake, the fall in BP is larger in older people compared with younger individuals.
5 It has also been shown that, for a given reduction in salt intake, the fall in blood pressure was larger in older people than younger individuals and larger in those with than without hypertension.
After absorption, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde by ADH and acetaldehyde is then converted into acetate by ALDH, and, therefore, for a given amount of alcohol intake, the concentration of acetaldehyde in different people is largely determined by the variants of ADH and ALDH [ 24– 26].
As we have shown here, this relationship not only dictates the steady state level of BP occurring for a given level of salt intake, but can also be used to describe the development of salt-induced hypertension in the Dahl-S rat model.
Cumulative average intakes (energy adjusted) were calculated for a given questionnaire cycle by averaging the intake for current and preceding FFQs to assess long-term flavonoid intake and minimize the within-person variation; for questionnaire cycles without an FFQ, we used the cumulative average exposure assessed through the previous cycle.
For example, Bohensky et al. identified irreplaceable land units for food and water provision to meet pre-determined targets of caloric intake for a given population.
We determined the top five foods contributing to exposure for a given chemical based on daily intake calculated for each contaminant.
An important problem that Lappe and Heaney's paper discusses is that serum 25(OH D concentrations have a sigmoid relationship with respect to oral vitamin D intake: for a given dose, increases are much larger for people with low initial concentrations than for people with higher concentrations.
Intake of less than the RDA for a given nutrient increases the risk of inadequate intake and a deficiency disorder.
