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Data Synthesis: A systematic review was made of the epidemiologic literature to uncover any evidence for a causal relation between alcohol consumption and low-back pain.
Although results of most epidemiologic studies have provided little or no support for a causal relation between light and moderate alcohol use and risk of pancreatic cancer, a possible role of heavy alcohol consumption cannot be ruled out.
Examples such as those that have been canvassed show that it is neither necessary nor sufficient for a causal relation between two variables that one raise the chances of the other.
The need for a causal relation between mental events cited in reason explanations (see discussion of the 'because' problem in 2.2) doesn't settle this issue once we have distinguished between causal relations and explanations (see section 6).
However, it must be emphasised that the present study does not provide evidence for a causal relation between the lack of BF recovery and pain development, but rather that these patients have an inability to recover from stress.
There was no evidence across reviews for a causal relation between computer use and specific disorders of the neck and upper extremities.
Similar(40)
First, the observational design precludes establishment of a causal relation between low HV and adverse outcome.
Undoubtedly, a well-conducted RCT is the ideal study design for determining a causal relation between a health care intervention and its putative outcomes, and systemic reviews of RCTs provide the best evidence, graded level 1, on the effects of preventive, therapeutic, or other interventions in medicine.
But, we believe that further comprehensive studies are required for understanding whether there is a causal relation between toxocariasis and IPD.
But, we believe that further comprehensive studies are required for understanding whether there is a causal relation between toxocariasis and PD.
We believe that further comprehensive studies are required for understanding whether there is a causal relation between toxocariasis and IPD and/or the presence of the Toxocara IgG antibodies may be the possibility risk factor for IPD.
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