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Sir Robin Murray, professor of psychiatric research at King's College London, said there was now clear evidence for a causal link between smoking strong cannabis and the risk of mental illness.
And yet he is a conscientious enough social scientist to concede that there doesn't seem to be decisive evidence for a "causal link" between violent lyrics and violent behavior.
The historical anthropologist Alan Macfarlane has recently argued for a causal link between the rise of British tea-drinking and the burst of physical energy that accompanied the Industrial Revolution.
But L. Rowell Huesmann, an expert on media violence at the University of Michigan, said the search for a causal link between violent behavior and violent fare had taken on new urgency as "the nature of news coverage changes, and the distinction between news and entertainment blurs".
A professor of infectious disease epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Laura Rodrigues, said although large outbreaks of Zika was a new phenomenon, the evidence for a causal link between it and microcephaly was "relatively strong" though not conclusive.
Objectives: To establish if there is evidence in the literature for a causal link between alcohol consumption and low-back pain.
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The road to agnosticism The balladeer of the balance-sheet Price in a trice Degrees of democracy Correction: Greek banks ReprintsSince then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of a causal link between education and democratisation.
More recently, the negative impact of 1G biofuels on food security has been disputed (Pilgrim and Harvey, 2010) and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2011) notes that for every report or statement of a causal link between the 2007-08 spikes and biofuels, others provide rebuttals.
Kant nevertheless rejects both under the contention that morality and happiness are conceptually distinct irreducible values; and even if one were to resist his claim that the Stoic conception of the Highest Good is analytic, there is still a suitable Kantian objection that can be made against it, for he repeatedly denies the possibility of a causal link between morality and happiness.
"Heart of Darkness" (2006) was criticised for portraying a causal link between the MMR vaccine and autism, and the BBC received complaints on the matter.
Wang and Sadun recently proposed 5 postulates required for establishing a causal link between a toxic agent and an optic neuropathy [ 15].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com