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In the multiple shocking protocol, rats went through a foot shock priming session before each drug test.
P = 0.01 (post second foot shock), 0.01 (pre third foot shock), 0.01 (post third foot shock).
P = 0.01 (during second foot shock), 0.02 (during third foot shock).
Chronic foot shock has been demonstrated to induce hypertension.
The researchers trained mice in the study to associate a tone with a light foot shock.
Five days after scanning, rats underwent behavioral testing using an escapable foot shock paradigm38.
Similar(5)
Using ultrasonic vocalization as a sign of stress, rats were subjected to unavoidable scrambled foot shock-light stimuli.
During training, mice did not exhibit freezing during the first cue-foot shock pair at 3 minutes, but freezing increased in all mice during the second cue-foot shock pair at 5 minutes.
These results indicate that differences in sleep architecture after foot-shock exposure may not be simply due to increased anxiety.
In rodents, sleep is often recorded after exposure to various foot-shock paradigms designed to induce an anxiety state.
Foot-shock stress in the absence of TBI also resulted in increased sEPSC activity.
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