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Presenter Sue Perkins may have been overused in food formats, with Light Lunch, Late Lunch, Bake Off, those entertaining historical jollies with Giles Coren and so on.
Nevertheless, we cannot exclude that confounding by other factors, such as differences in food formats across the range of PS doses, might have affected the study outcomes.
In fact, within this particular dose category, fifteen of forty plant sterol studies used liquid food formats, whereas only four of eighteen stanol studies used this type of food format.
In most of the studies, (low-fat) margarines/spreads or dairy-type products were used for enrichment with PS; other food formats included, among others, cereals, mayonnaise, salad dressing, soya products, bakery products, orange juice and vegetable oils.
For example, in the present analysis, we found slightly lower efficacy for plant sterols than for plant stanols in the dose category ≥ 2·0 dose < 2·5 g/d; this was probably due to a larger number of liquid food formats among the plant sterol studies than among the plant stanol studies.
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To maintain momentum, Mushkin suggests that Kroger fill a void in the Southern California retail market by adopting the Marketplace model to compete with Tesco s convenient, prepared food format.
There are many cultures where ingesting bugs is a mainstay of the food format, so in those places having a protein source coming from insects probably has a much lower hurdle.
The food format was margarine or spread in the majority of studies (n = 9).
When required, a more in-depth analysis was carried out to investigate the impact of food format on the LDL-cholesterol-lowering efficacy of PS.
When parallel design studies included different PS treatments (e.g. PS from different sources) provided in the same food format, these strata were combined [ 5, 22].
Presenting carbohydrates to infants in their whole food format, such as toast, rather than a pureed form may highlight awareness of perceptual features (such as texture) that is masked when food is pureed.
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