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Videos of the experiment were used to score the focal animal's response within the first 10 sec following the initiation of the playback as either vigilance (i.e., suddenly looking toward the ground or playback speaker), escape (i.e., quick movement of 1 m or more either up or horizontally), or ignore (i.e., neither vigilance nor escape).
Focal animals were video recorded for at least 20 sec prior to the initiation of the playback and up to 1 min following the playback.
Data are given for n = 25 spontaneously singing females and n = 10 reactively singing females A specific type of vocal response, the coo (Fig. 1e), could occur during playback or in the 10 min following the playback.
Six of the 22 subjects gave one or two coos in the 3-min period of playback, and one additional subject gave a coo in the 10 min following the playback.
There was no difference in the orienting time following the playback of neighbor or stranger males' calls.
We further determined the duration of the orienting response within 30 s following the onset of the playback.
Playbacks to two of the subjects were completed on the following day, while playbacks to the third were completed after two days.
The Dow system continued unabated following Verder-Carlos' initial concerns.
As expected, males and yearlings suppressed foraging more than females and adults following alarm call playbacks.
The previous playback experience will affect the following playback condition.
The following amendments were made to the initial offer.
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