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The internalization of LFnBLA (and therefore LF) to the cytosol involves a number of steps following receptor binding, including furin cleavage of PA, migration to lipid rafts, endocytosis, trafficking through endocytic vesicles, and translocation across membranes [39].
Therefore, any amplification of the activating signal transmitted by non-self peptides occurs following receptor binding, in contrast to previous models.
Whether the elderly demonstrate actual changes in intrinsic sensitivity at the receptor level is controversial both in terms of measurable alterations in receptor numbers and the efficiency of signal transduction following receptor binding.
This occurs either within endosomes or lysosomes following receptor binding and endocytosis of intact viral particles, or by extracellular digestion creating an intermediate or infectious subviral particle (ISVP), which can penetrate the membrane and enter the cytoplasm directly.
Following receptor binding on the cell surface, folic acid and its conjugates are internalized via FR-mediated endocytosis [14, 15].
Following receptor binding, an intracellular signaling cascade leads to the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes.
Similar(47)
DT is cleaved at the surface of sensitive eukaryotic cells by the enzyme furin, and following receptor (the heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like precursor) binding, the di-chain protein that is linked by a single disulfide bond is internalized into clathrin coated pits and reaches the lumen of a developing endosome.
However, they induce separate cytoplasmic signaling pathways following receptor-ligand binding.
Previous work has demonstrated that gamma-secretase acts on IL-1R and controls the downstream signalling following receptor activation by ligand binding [ 17].
VEGFR-2 signal transduction seems to follow the scheme for the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, following receptor dimerization induced by VEGF binding.
The rate of recovery observed in fixed cells was quicker than in live cells, which may reflect subtle differences in the receptor binding site or recovery following receptor conformational changes and/or receptor recycling.
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