Zebularine acts during DNA replication, substituting cytosine residues following its phosphorylation and conversion to deoxynucleotide.
The DNA DSBs found within the VSG BESs (Boothroyd et al., 2009; Glover et al., 2013) may form following replication stalling and replication-fork collapse.
In yeast, the location of a particular chromosome within the nucleus and its association with its sister chromatid following DNA replication are commonly assayed using arrays of the lactose-operator DNA binding site (LacOR) and a GFP fusion to the DNA binding region of the lac repressor (GFP-LacI).
It is therefore thought that accumulation of G1/S transcripts might be important for reinitiation of stalled replication forks and for the restoration of robust DNA replication following a DNA replication block.
Altogether, these results are consistent with the initial hypothesis that topological stress accumulating during chromatin condensation in prophase and during chromatin replication following replication stress evokes a response at the NE that leads to ATR recruitment and activation.
Although a unit is delivered hop-by-hop the basis for the following replication mechanisms is owner replication, since the units are consumed for some time at the requester and therefore need to be replicated to be further usable by other nodes.
Through phosphorylation, Rad53 regulates Rrm3 and Pif1; phospho-mimicking rrm3 mutants ameliorate rad53 phenotypes following replication stress without affecting replication across pausing elements under normal conditions.
Our findings further reveal that ATMIN is required for ATM activity as indicated by an inability of ATM to phosphorylate its targets following replication stress induction in the absence of ATMIN (Fig. 3A).
It is generally believed that all newly replicated DNA is reassembled into chromatin following DNA replication.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09886.002 During the cell cycle one of the key processes following DNA replication is the re-assembly of chromatin on the newly replicated DNA.
In addition to cell cycle regulation, CHK1 has been implicated also in maintaining replication fork integrity following replication inhibition and CHK1 inhibition or genetic downregulation leads to accumulation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in S-phase cells [ 40, 48].
