However, even with wireless losses, congestion control can be invoked by following duplicate ACKs and thus it is much worse than the other schemes.
Determination of positive results following duplicate reactions for individual samples is detailed below.
As a result, coverage of targeted bases following duplicate removal was very low (Supplementary Table S2), with median coverage ranging between 2 and 9 (median 3).
Further investigation of the topic is required, perhaps by following duplicated marker genes in H327 for signs of RIP after multiple rounds of sexual reproduction.
Training and data collection certification is repeated annually, and selected measures are evaluated for consistency following duplicate measurement quality-control procedures.
Another known cause of changes in protein evolutionary rates is the relaxation of functional constraints acting on duplicate genes following duplication events [ 10].
Note that this observation may not suggest that the rate of local duplications increases after WGDs but rather confirm the fact that the turnover rate of duplicates following local duplications is much higher than that following WGDs, making a very small portion of local duplicates survive over long evolutionary times (Lynch and Conery 2000; Blanc and Wolfe 2004b).
We refer to these genes as multiple duplicates and refer to the genes that do not have additional duplications following α-duplication as single duplicates.
Recent studies in yeast and teleost fish [14] [16] suggest that such reciprocal loss of gene duplicates following genome duplication may be a common phenomenon, raising the specter of significant conflicts between gene trees and species trees in such lineages.
Rapid divergence in gene expression profiles of duplicates following the duplication event results in expression profiles as diverse as those of singletons.
It is also plausible that a number of these shared single copy genes are only coincidently single copy in more than one genome, having returned to single copy after duplication through genetic drift if there is selection to maintain most genes as duplicates following genome duplication [ 72].
