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Another fungal disease we saw was Anthracnose leaf blight which is similar to Northern Corn Leaf Blight and causes similar foliar damage.
They cause the same type of foliar damage as the Armyworm you see in the early season but they will feed on the ear as well.
Many plant species increase allocation of resources to reproduction in response to foliar damage [48] [50].
Additionally, plant tolerance to herbivory may explain the greater effects of ant defense on foliar damage than on reproductive output suggested by our analysis.
Furthermore, the relationship between foliar damage and reproduction varied substantially among systems, suggesting that herbivore damage is not a reliable surrogate for fitness consequences of ant protection.
In the flight tunnel, foliar damage significantly reduced female landing on grape shoots by 72% and full upwind flight by 24%.
Similar(39)
Interestingly, total herbivore abundance at the end of the season did not entirely reflect foliar herbivore damage assessed on June 9th, although a visual assessment of the plants indicated that relative herbivore damage levels still reflected the June 9th data: herbivores were less abundant on plants expressing TPS10, independently of lox2/3 expression.
Furthermore, although TPS10 expression did not significantly affect foliar herbivore damage or performance, it did consistently reduce foliar herbivore abundance.
In summary, as for foliar herbivore damage, growth, flowering, and mortality, there was no significant difference in the apparent health of plants differing only in TPS10 expression.
We tested the hypotheses that LOX2/3 deficiency, TPS10 expression, plant position, and population type were associated with differences in foliar herbivore damage.
These changed analyses are presented in the new version of Figure 5 (foliar herbivore damage data), the new Figure 6 and source data files (foliar herbivore abundance data), and a new Figure 8 and source data file (re-analyzed size and flower production data).
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