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To determine the relationships between biocontrol establishment and effects on vegetation and climate at the plot and landscape scales, we measured temperature, relative humidity, foliage canopy, solar radiation, and used satellite imagery to assess saltcedar defoliation and evapotranspiration (ET) along the Virgin River in the Mojave Desert.
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Recently, processing weak GNSS signals has been receiving growing attention because of the increased demand for navigation indoors, under dense foliage canopies, and in urban canyons.
The method achieved a branch detection accuracy of 89.2% in a set of 141 test images acquired during full-foliage canopy.
Foliage-canopy structures and vertical woody species distribution are important factors, as they can influence shading, evapotranspiration and the channeling of the wind.
Because passive optical remote sensing techniques rely on reflected light, dense foliage and canopy shadows can conceal the complex topography lying underneath (Dandois et al. 2015; Fraser et al. 2016).
I was able to stay there a fortnight, restlessly roaming the buttered air inside tropical rock enclosures, caves of foliage that canopied dankness.
For species with at least 100 crown class observations (i.e. fraction of trees with some foliage in the canopy), the observed average canopy status had a mean of 0.560 (with range 0.169 to 0.976).
Pruning increased LUE by removing the least efficient lower canopy foliage, and by increasing the efficiency of the remaining foliage.
With the increased foliage in the canopy creating spray shadowing.
Once up in the tree, our field technicians must monitor foliage throughout the canopy.
Canopy architecture had a consistent influence on canopy foliage temperature with 'dense canopy' species (Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica and Tilia platyphyllos) being warmer (0.5 1.5 K) than 'open canopy' species (Fraxinus excelsior, Prunus avium and Quercus petraea).
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