Proteins imported into chloroplasts need to be properly assembled and folded, a process that is mediated by a group of chaperone proteins, such as HSP70 and Cpn60, and protein disulfide isomerase [ 3, 20, 21].
When non-native disulfide linkages are formed, these linkages must be rearranged to the correct disulfide pairings for the native protein to be folded, a process called disulfide isomerization [ 30].
At its most fundamental level, protein folding is a process whereby different parts of a heteropolymeric chain that are initially separated in space come together to form a highly compact specific structure that could be described as a condensed microphase.
Beginning college biology students learn about protein folding as a process through which proteins attain their functional structure.
Sequence reads having complete/repaired 6-base barcodes were processed by having their barcodes replicated four-fold by a process termed "munging".
In consequence, polyUb substrates allosterically stimulate their own degradation, enhancing the peptidase activities of the 20S proteasome about two-fold in a process requiring ATP hydrolysis [ 27].
The same people who refolded the shield after each test will fold it again, in a process Mr. Ochs compares to packing up your parachute before a jump.
The process of "storing" these memories involved a year's worth of folding and cutting paper -- a process that Love says will "never be considered finished". The tactile nature of the construction allowed him and his co-creator Samuel Jordan to focus not on the task at hand, but on meandering streams of thought, such as a book they were reading or a letter they wanted to write.
Following chaperone-assisted transport across the periplasm, unfolded OMPs must insert and fold into the OM, a process which is assisted by the BAM complex [116].
Many of the networks that these algorithms find are presumably important for folding (rather than function) and folding is believed to be a process of local condensation rather than global collapse encoded by the native state [41].
