In addition, motB-motA (CBO2651-CBO2652) and fliM (CBO2744), involved in the motor function of flagella, were downregulated by 2.3- to 3.6-fold under heat shock stress.
Especially, the expression of subunit b is increased by 8.4 fold under heat stress.
Cytoplasmic [Cu-Zn] superoxide dismutase (SOD), involved in redox, was also induced 5.0 fold under heat stress.
In general, the expression of Lip40 protein was enhanced under stress conditions, especially at 42 °C, and the Lip40 signal increased more than three-fold under heat shock.
Meanwhile, ATPA, encoding the ATPase alpha subunit, which catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP using the proton motive force, was up-regulated 5.01-fold under heat stress.
The cytoplasmic [Cu-Zn] SOD showed considerable upregulation (approximately 5 fold) under heat stress, followed by a return to the control level after subsequent recovery.
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NDPK1), involved in purine metabolism, was also induced more than 10 fold under heat stress, and returned to almost the control level after recovery.
In this study, HSF30 exhibited increased expression levels (11-fold) under heat stress and was downregulated (14.3-fold) after the subsequent recovery corresponding to 16 HSPs (see Additional file 3).
Thioredoxin M4 was predicted to be located in chloroplast in our study, and was upregulated almost 10 fold under heat stress and maintained approximately 3 fold after subsequent recovery (Table 2).
Most significantly, NDPK1, which plays a major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP was upregulated more than 10 fold under heat stress, and declined to 1.7 fold following recovery, compared to controls.
In contrast, the other gene, cpn60.2, is really expressed as protein and its abundance increases 2.5-fold under heat shock and in axenic amastigotes (in comparison with the levels present in promastigotes).
