From the geotechnical point of view, the lime treated bentonite showed the highest degree of improvement with an approximately 11-fold strength increase in comparison to the natural soil within 8-month curing periods.
Another nine helitron sequences had 3' hairpin structures of moderate folding strength relative to palindromes throughout the remainder of the sequence, and 16 helitrons had 3' hairpins without an obviously strong 3' hairpin.
The tensile and dynamic-mechanical tests demonstrated a strong enhancement in the Young's modulus (∼10-fold), tensile strength (∼2-fold) and storage modulus (∼60-fold) at low-strain in the rubbery state with up to 8.3 wt% of MWCNTs, with a small reduction in elongation at break.
Comparing to the conventional single layer MD fibers, the newly developed VMD hollow fiber containing 15 wt% Al2O3 has 4.5- fold tensile strength (i.e., about 350% increment) with a VMD flux of 45.8 kg/m2-h at 70 °C.
The promoter of the nos gene has been shown to have a 10 fold lower strength than that of the 35S promoter [ 22].
By utilizing the tyrosine residues inherent to fibrin and cell-deposited proteins, at least 3-fold mechanical strength increases and 10-fold stiffness increases were achieved after cross-linking.
Our results demonstrated that this tissue engineering approach resulted in increased graft vascularization (∼2.4-fold), endochondral bone formation (∼2.8-fold), and biomechanical strength (1.8-fold), as compared to untreated allografts, over 16 weeks of healing.
The expression of the bacterial E1 gene in rice was under the control of the strong constitutive Mac promoter, which has been previously shown to have three- to five-fold higher strength than the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter [ 30], and targeted the E1 protein to the apoplast compartment for higher accumulation.
PCL/Ch/nZnHA scaffolds offered higher elastic modulus (about 3-fold) and tensile strength (nearly 1.5-fold) than the corresponding PCL/Ch scaffolds.
Compared with HA/SF gradient composites, a cGO-HA gradient scaffold with cGO HA mass ratio 1 4 has 5-fold and 2.5-fold higher compressive strength and compressive modulus, respectively.
A starting concentration of 5 mg/ml of each triterpene dissolved in 10% DMSO was serially diluted double fold in double strength Mueller-Hinton Broth to make different test concentrations of the compounds in the wells.
