The electrochemical cell consisted of a precleaned FTO-coated glass working electrode, platinum foil counter electrode and quasi-Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
By short-circuiting the working electrode to the lithium foil counter electrode for a certain period, the irreversible capacity of the first cycle was almost eliminated.
The photoelectrochemical measurements were performed in a 300-mL rectangular quartz cell using a three-electrode configuration with a Pt foil counter electrode and a saturated SCE reference electrode, and the electrolyte was 1.0 M Na2S.
A typical three-electrode glass cell equipped with a working electrode, a platinum foil counter electrode, and a saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE) was used for electrochemical measurements of the as-prepared working electrodes.
Electrodeposition was carried out in a standard three-electrode configuration consisting of a Pt foil counter electrode, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (saturated by 3 M KCl), and a FTO working electrode.
A typical three-electrode experimental cell equipped with a working electrode, a platinum foil counter electrode, and a standard calomel reference electrode was used to measure the electrochemical properties.
