Further, for PRO instruments that assess treatment-related adverse reactions, assessment of clinically-meaningful change should be focused on onset or worsening of symptoms over time.
The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment literature has been focused on onset-of-effect and short-term effect size, with little exploration of ADHD symptoms upon medication discontinuation.
Very recently Bahado-Singh et al. [ 7, 8] published 2 papers focusing on early onset and late onset preeclampsia, selected by the calendar based definition of early and late preeclampsia and by evidence of placental damage in early onset preeclampsia.
The use of seizure freedom as a primary outcome parameter follows current ILAE recommendations and has been successfully applied as primary outcome parameter in one veterinary study focusing on new onset epilepsy (outcome described as percentage seizure freedom, short term) [ 70].
We predict an intensified use of metabolomic screens in clinical and preclinical studies focusing on the onset and progression of tumor development.
Particularly, if focusing on late onset diseases and measures of SES representing early life conditions or conditions across the life span (e.g., parental SES, education), reverse causation is unlikely.
However, focusing on early onset and other forms of 'severe' phenotype, including familial cases, coupled with our ability to filter variants identified with increasingly large and reliable databases of apparently neutral variants, offers the prospect of identifying important rare variants involved in complex traits such as IBD.
We are currently collecting and banking amnion epithelial cells from placentas of patients with pregnancy complications, focusing on early-onset severe preeclampsia, which is highly associated with both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
These associations should be investigated prospectively with data collection focusing on the precise onset of the rise in blood pressure and/or UACR and more clinical details on the preterm delivery.
Although most of the research investigating the role of age in the amyloid load of AD patients has focused on EoAD (onset at age <65 y) and LoAD (onset at age >65 y) [ 23– 25], we decided to investigate two groups of older patients in order to explore the effect of age on the amyloid load in a more elderly population.
