Two inhalers, Taifun™ (Focus Inhalation Oy, Finland) and Clickhaler™ (Innovata Biomed Ltd., UK) were filled with lactose powders which were spray dried from different solutions or suspensions of lactose, ethanol and water.
Another session focused on inhalation toxicology.
The majority of absorption data for benzene is focused on inhalation as the route of exposure.
While the biowarfare and bioterrorist development of anthrax has focused on inhalation, ingestion has been considered as well.
Furthermore, studies have generally focused on inhalation exposure and have not attempted to address the roles of other potential routes of exposure such as skin, upper respiratory tract, and mucus membranes in development of sensitization and disease (Weissman and Lewis 2002).
Postures: Moving repetition of postures, rather than longer holding; chest and heart opening, backward bending postures and movements, that also focus on inhalation; dynamic sequences of postures, including sun salutations; doing a range of different postures to keep it interesting; were each considered somewhat or very important, but less essential.
In addition, these studies focused mainly on inhalation rather than oral exposure, which is also a potential route.
Many studies have focused on the inhalation exposure route for ENMs and have considered potential airborne releases of NMs from facilities.
Focused studies on inhalation exposures are needed to evaluate in vitro studies on their reliability and to build up the epidemiologic databases.
We recognize that BaP's risks may be influenced significantly by non-inhalation pathways, but focus herein on inhalation, given that BaP is being used as a representative of particle-bound compounds rather than because of specific interest in BaP.
