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"When you ask people to focus on mastery, it's not soft," notes Thompson.
While maintaining a "focus on mastery" of a scientific discipline, "refreshed" programs should also offer "better-designed opportunities … for the development of critical professional skills".
Findings suggested that typical age-related declines in intrinsic motivation may be minimized by a school-wide focus on mastery goals.
The ISM offers a viable alternative to the other achievement goal measures in the literature that only focus on mastery and performance goals.
Illustrating how competence can be raised by engaging in the tasks can allow students to keep a focus on mastery rather than performing better than peers (Anderman & Maehr, 1994; Kaplan & Maehr, 2007).
The replication of the four-factor structure of achievement goals in our study is important because most of the achievement goal measures in the literature (e.g. Elliot and Church 1997; Elliot and Murayama 2008; Midgley et al. 2000) only focus on mastery and performance goals although more recent scales have included the approach and avoidance dimensions of these two goals.
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Work avoidance goals have been relatively neglected in the literature with most research focusing on mastery and performance goals.
Traditional direct instruction in Science generally focuses on mastery of content with less emphasis on the development of scientific skills and attitudes; students are the receivers while the teacher the dispenser.
The review may also be limited by the inclusion of studies focusing on mastery and competence.
We designated as a traditional lab any course described as a series of discrete "labs" or "exercises" with a focus primarily on mastery of specific content or techniques.
Deep learning tasks re-structure learning activities from a singular focus on content mastery to the explicit development of students' capacities to learn, create and proactively implement their learning.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com