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In addition, the areas of alveolar pattern suggested either focal pneumonia or compression atelectasis of the lung tissue.
Accumulation of alveolar macrophages as well as different forms of bronchiolitis and focal pneumonia accompanying emphysematic changes were found regularly [ 18].
The concepts are connected by complex relationship networks that provide generalisation, specialisation and attribute relationships, for example, "focal pneumonia" is a specialisation of "pneumonia".
These wheezes were considered to be either a consequence of re-ventilation of the previously compressed lung tissue, and/or due to focal pneumonia in this area considering the CT findings on the right side.
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Focal bronchointerstitial pneumonia with few giant cells was observed in some animals.
While focal organizing pneumonia is difficult to distinguish from lung cancer, we found that the maximum enhancement ratio and the slope value for the group of active infection and focal organizing pneumonias were higher than those for lung cancers and those for benign SPNs (tuberculomas and hamartomas) (Fig. 3) 20.
One whale, stranded in Murcia, had a focal pyogranulomatous pneumonia caused by Aspergillus sp. Mild to severe, erosive to ulcerative necrotizing esophagitis was detected microscopically in all analyzed whales found to have gross lesions in this organ.
The overlap of enhancement characteristics of dynamic MRI between lung cancer and focal organizing pneumonia is not surprising because malignant neoplasms and tissues with acute inflammatory lesions or infection have increased blood flow, perfusion, and capillary permeability.
In contrast, we reported that inflammatory lesions, particularly focal organizing pneumonias, often had the dynamic curve type with an early enhancement peak and early washout (Fig. 2) 20.
In summary, assessments of the maximum enhancement ratio and the slope value of dynamic MRI are helpful in differentiating benign SPNs (especially tuberculomas and hamartomas) and focal organizing pneumonias from lung cancers.
The differentiation between active infections, acute inflammatory lesions, focal organizing pneumonias, well-enhancing benign SPNs (e.g., sclerosing hemangioma and intrapulmonary lymph nodes), and other malignant SPNs, however, requires further evaluation.
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