Exact(10)
As in experiment 1, we conducted focal observations of foraging weavers, scored these focals using JWatcher 1.0, and analyzed the data with two-way analysis of variance models.
At El Garrapatero, we made focal observations of individuals to determine pairing status and nest location.
To ensure continuing focal observations of single individuals, we equipped animals with radio-tracking transmitters.
The dataset is composed of approximately 15,300 focal observations of 66 adult females.
Focal observations of the dominant female were performed simultaneously with the playbacks, totalling 80 min of observation per treatment.
During focal observations of dominant females, all aggressive interactions with adult subordinates were recorded together with the identity of the participants.
Similar(50)
We also performed 20 hours and 28 minutes of focal observations on 12 infected ants that were found walking alone (infection status was later confirmed as described above)(see Figure 1, individuals 10-21).
Data on routine movements within the home range were based on focal observation of 19 subadult females (no. of observations, 1 27) and 36 subadult males (no. of observations, 3 22) collected between 18 and 23 h during March and May 2008, April and September 2009, and April and September 2010.
To allow continuous focal observations on known individuals, we captured 20 individuals of L. leucopus and equipped them with radio-tracking transmitters.
After these criteria were applied, the remaining data set consisted of 4022 hours of focal observation on 27 subjects.
The observer (KO) carried out 15-min focal sampling on all adult females (mean +/- SE. = 16.00 +/- 0.58 hours of focal observations per female) of both groups in random order between 0800 and 1700 hours GMT.
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