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This adversarial distortion perturbs far fewer pixels in the attacked image; it succeeds even when the perturbation is confined to an isolated corner of the image (rather than obstructing the image's focal object); and it can target a wider array of natural images.
That is orienting towards an object as embedded in a context, paying attention to relationships between the focal object and the field that surrounds it and having a tendency as a result to make predictions and offer explanations on the basis of these relational properties.
Involvement refers to "a construct linked to the interaction between an individual and an object" or "the relative strength of the consumers' cognitive structure related to a focal object (e.g., products)" (O'Cass 2000).
That is, one's performance of something can evoke their general positive attitude towards the focal object, and this attitude functioning as a motivational force (action-based motivation) will uphold similar behavior changes and maintenance.
The machine is being positioned as a focal object for technology learning thanks to its on-display, moving hardware parts, and its potential to inspire kids about the power of software via an easy to use app that yields a tangible output (via the items they print).
Western societies are individualistic, encouraging the development of individual goals, which would favor the perception of focal object in a context [17].
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Thus, an ability of contextual reward to enhance memory for focal objects is closely linked to context-related engagement of hippocampal SN/VTA circuitry.
Our ideal 3D scene pool includes a variety of depth budgets and focal objects at differing disparities.
Additionally, despite the picture manipulations, US participants consistently maintained longer durations for both object and background fixations, with eye-movements that generally remained within the focal objects.
Western American observers had longer fixations on focal objects during scene processing compared to Chinese observers, whereas Chinese observers fixated more on the background compared to Western American observers [13].
In this present study, we evaluated the robustness and specific mechanisms of these cultural differences in visual attention as participants from East Asian and Western cultures viewed complex scenes that contained focal objects and backgrounds that were selectively changed in order to capture subjects' attention in a data-driven manner.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com