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Passive apperception may be characterized simply by saying that here the associative form of representational connection is predominant,[52] whereas when "the active apperception successively raises representations into the focal field of consciousness," this active passage of representations obeys the special laws of what Wundt calls "apperceptive connection" (PP II: 279).
We conclude that for the scattering media examined, the loss of coherent amplitude due to phase scrambling is much more severe than depolarization within the focal field of a tightly focused laser beam in turbid media.
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When plotted in this fashion, the broadening characteristics of the focal field for a given numerical aperture in all three slabs fall onto a single curve.
Lytro's light-field technology is arguably the most impressive from a technical standpoint, and the best at rendering accurate depth of focal field (some of the software solutions so far produce weird-looking results) but that hardly matters when your first hardware is a $400 rectangular tube that produces small-res photos you can only share via embeds.
Hence, analysis of the CADF has allowed us to link the observed attenuation and spatial broadening of the focal fields to the angular distribution of the exiting wavefront as predicted by the EMC simulations.
The focal field distribution of tightly focused laser beams in turbid media is sensitive to optical scattering and therefore of direct relevance to image quality in confocal and nonlinear microscopy.
Figures 3(a) and (b) also show the dependence of focal field broadening on the NA of the focusing lens.
This confirms that the broadening of the focal field is governed solely by the expected number of scattering interactions independent of the angular distribution of the single-scattering phase function.
These features indicate, as was the case for the spatial dispersion of the focal field, that single scattering governs the attenuation of the focal field.
Our results indicate that the loss of focal field amplitude with focusing depth is governed predominantly by the scattering coefficient µ s rather than by the scattering anisotropy g.
Note that although broadening of the focal fields is observed in these simulations, the overall effect of scattering on the confinement of the focal field distribution is modest.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com