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We focused our focal behavioural observations on alpha and beta males of each group because they are the ones to mate-guard females most extensively (Engelhardt et al. 2006).
Four different playback stimuli of five feeding events were then played back at approximately 3 m from the dominant female, each followed by 20 min of focal behavioural observation of the dominant female.
Four different playback stimuli of five begging recordings were then played back at approximately 3 m from the dominant female, each followed by 20 min of focal behavioural observation of the dominant female, totalling 80 min of observation.
Continuous focal behavioural data (Altmann 1974) were entered directly onto a handheld Psion organiser, programmed to act as a data logger that allows recording of behaviours to the nearest second.
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After males established territories and built nests, we conducted three phases of behavioural trials: Focal Follows of each male, Female Experience trials, and Female Search and Choose trials.
This results in a transient occurrence of signs which may be characterized by short episodes with convulsions or focal motor, autonomic or behavioural features and due to abnormal excessive or synchronous epileptic neuronal activity in the brain.
This results in a transient occurrence of signs which may be characterized by short episodes with convulsions or focal motor, autonomic or behavioural features and due to abnormal excessive and/or synchronous epileptic neuronal activity in the brain.
Although the nucleus accumbens has been implicated in the underlying neural substrate, its criticality to human behaviour remains an open question, best addressed with interventional methodology that probes the behavioural consequences of focal neural modulation.
Intracerebroventricular administration of amniotic fluid derived stem cells/embryonic neuronal stem cells significantly reversed the focal cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion induced behavioural deficit measured in terms of loss of short-term memory, motor coordination, sensorimotor ability and somatosensory functions.
In accordance with this hypothesis, presenilin-1 mutant knock-in mice exhibit greater severity of brain injury and poorer behavioural outcome after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion [36]; moreover, neuronal elevation of intracellular calcium levels is enhanced after glucose deprivation and chemical hypoxia in cortical cell cultures from the same animals [36].
The present study has been designed to investigate the effect of amniotic fluid derived stem cells on focal cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury induced behavioural deficits in mice.
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