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Here's what I've learned along the way — tips for maximum flying efficiency and minimum misery.
In an editorial this week in the Financial Times, MIT president Rafael Reif and former Intel CEO Craig Barrett said slashing research and development funding would be akin to jettisoning an aircraft engine to improve flying efficiency.
And the same mechanisms that produce flying efficiency produce efficiency in runners and swimmers.
In its quest to secure an attractive partner, this small, stocky bird has evolved bigger wing muscles and heavier bones that likely compromise its flying efficiency, biologist Kim Bostwick reported here last week at the annual meeting of the Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology.
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And those flights that did go ahead would be cleaner, thanks to better jet-engine technology, bigger planes and more efficient flying practices, improving fuel efficiency by 0.8-1.5 0.8-1.5%ar.
Birds, however, greatly outperform other flying animals in efficiency and duration; for example the common swift (Apus apus) has recently been reported to regularly fly for periods of 10 months during migration.
The simulation achieved a birdlike energy efficiency flying at speeds between 10 meters and 12 meters per second, the researchers report in the December issue of Bioinspiration and Biomimetics.
The survivors established so-called hubs at major airports, increasing their efficiency by flying passengers in, transferring them to other planes, and flying them on to their final destinations.
When researchers followed 18 pigeons with GPS, they found that the birds gained neither an aerodynamic advantage nor added energy efficiency when flying in a cluster.
"When you fly, the fuel efficiency of your plane varies," Jeff Swenerton, a spokesman at Green-e, an offset-certification program, points out.
This paper evaluates experimentally and numerically the influence of different geometrical and operating parameters of a single stage wire-duct electrostatic precipitators (WDEP) on its fly ash collection efficiency.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com