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These results indicate that hot pore fluids circulate upwards through the fractured fault core and into the surrounding damage zone.
In the absence of a typical aquifer (permeable porous medium), natural fluids circulate in complex hydraulic systems made up of fracture and fault networks that are more or less well connected, depending on the considered scale.
The transition to supercritical conditions occurs near the brittle ductile transition zone, where magmatically dominated fluids are found in the hotter plastic rock and hydrothermal fluids circulate through the overlying cooler brittle rock (Fournier 1999).
Methane emanating from vents, long thought to have been the product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, may also originate in CH4 inclusions in plutonic rocks through which the hydrothermal fluids circulate (McDermott et al., 2015).
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program borehole CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) observatories provide long-term access to hydrothermal fluids circulating within the basaltic crust (basement), providing invaluable opportunities to study the deep biosphere.
In all solar thermal plants, some heat is stored in the fluids circulating through the system.
Another model proposes that fluids circulating along the fault zone caused retrograde metamorphism and thus reset the rocks located nearest to the fault to lower temperatures.
The chapter also discusses several techniques for quantitative detection of micrometastases (such as free tumor cells in peritoneal lavage fluids, circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood, and micrometastasis in lymph nodes) and its prognostic significance.
(2) The rhodochrosite in the vesicles was formed from hydrothermal fluids circulating the basalt.
As granite is a naturally radioactive rock, heat production is enhanced by the decay of radionuclides, and the abundant fluids circulating through the fractured granitic basement transport that heat.
Active volcanic centers, from Kilauea to Yellowstone, shake about all the time, and it's important to know the difference between quakes caused by migrating magma, those produced by hydrothermal fluids circulating beneath the surface, and those produced by regional extension or compression forces linked to the machinations of tectonic plates.
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