The endothelium, which lines the inner surface of all blood vessels, participates in several normal physiological functions including control of vasomotor tone, the maintenance of blood fluidity, regulation of permeability, formation of new blood vessels, and trafficking of cells [ 1].
Other lipids, such as cholesterol, act as membrane fluidity regulators.
The jaundiced heart is also characterized by defective vascular reactivity attributed to altered beta-adrenergic receptor signaling [ 6], membrane fluidity, and down regulation of cardiac beta-adrenoceptor density and affinity [ 7].
These genes were known to regulate the level of unsaturated fatty acids, and then to further mediate the regulation of membrane fluidity [ 55- 57].
In marine microalgae EPA and/or DHA are allegedly involved in the regulation of membrane fluidity and thylakoid membrane functioning.
PUFAs play key roles in cellular metabolism, including the regulation of membrane fluidity, electron and oxygen transport, as well as thermal adaptation.
These disruptions alter membrane fluidity [15], impair internal pH regulation [10], disrupt protein-lipid interactions [15] and negatively impact energy generation by inhibiting nutrient transport [10].
They are involved in the regulation of membrane fluidity, signal transduction and modulation of the activity of membrane-bound enzymes [1].
Isoprenoids are a class of molecules fundamentally involved in a variety of crucial biological functions including electron transport (quinones), cell wall biosynthesis (dolichols), signal transduction (prenylated proteins), and the regulation of membrane fluidity (hopanoids and cholesterol).
Isoprenoids are found in all three domains of life and are involved in essential processes such as electron transport, post-translational modification, regulation of membrane fluidity, and cytoskeleton assembly.
PUFAs including ARA, EPA, and DHA may play a vital role in the regulation of membrane fluidity in this organism, thereby compensating for the decreased functionality of the biomembranes under cold stress conditions.
