The control group was managed with an intravenous fluid warmer, and the ambient temperature remained constant (20°C).
To evaluate the Warmflo® fluid warming system at various flow rates of crystalloid solution simulated to clinical conditions.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluid warming on preventing hypothermia during off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery.
The active temperature control included intravenous fluid warmer, prewarmed skin preparation, humidified inspired gases, a circulating water warming blanket, and a forced-air warmer, along with the maintenance of the operating room temperature at 24°C.
If large amounts of fluids are applied during the procedure, forced-air warming should be combined with fluid warming because forced-air warming alone is not powerful enough to compensate for the heat losses occurring by the infusion of large amounts of cold fluids.
Emergency departments should not rely on EMS agencies' use of intravenous fluid warming techniques and should consider replacing EMS intravenous fluids upon ED arrival to ensure patient safety.
The lack of EMS agencies' use of intravenous fluid warming devices during winter months could contribute to mild hypothermia and possibly portend a deleterious effect on health.
In group B, we used the same system without the fluid warmer.
Routine heat-conservation methods were applied in both groups including draping of the patient, fluid warming and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at core temperature ~36.5°C.
The instilled saline infusion was warmed by a fluid warmer (HL-90 INT, Level 1 Technologies Corp., Rockland, MA, USA) up to 37°C before it reached the jet gas.
