In Drosophila melanogaster, the release of sperm and seminal fluid has been shown to be controlled by a small group of male-specific cholinergic abdominal neurons that innervate male internal reproductive organs [ 64].
To achieve a gentle manipulation, the grippers employ fingers with several degrees of freedom in different configurations and have a membrane filled with a fluid that allows their hardness to be controlled by means of the jamming transition of the granular fluid inside it.
In the mouse, left-right asymmetry has been proposed to be controlled by fluid flow in the node propelled by clockwise movement of motile nodal cilia [1] [5].
Their gel fluid transition has been previously shown to be controlled by pH, temperature, or by mixing with complementary peptides.
Such applications of control theory require a very balanced perspective, in which one considers the relevant flow physics when designing the control algorithms and, conversely, takes into account the requirements and limitations of control algorithms when designing both reduced-order flow models and the fluid mechanical systems to be controlled themselves.
The torque of the damper using MR fluid can be controlled by the magnetic field.
Therefore, the optical properties of the fluid must be controlled very precisely or a nanofluid could actually be detrimental in a solar collector.
The expansion of the fluid can be controlled by a low-pressure float-valve, a hand-operated valve, a constant flow rate or thermostatically, and today by an electronic expansion valve allowing easy adjustment of the liquid level.
As with many distributed parameter systems, fluid flow can be controlled using boundary value manipulation.
In this study we chose the same calcium concentration (1.5 mM) in both test and control fluid to be able to evaluate the effect of citrate on calcium balance.
Daily access to fluids was controlled during training and experimental periods to promote behavioral motivation.
