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This order takes the form of a "fluid mosaic" of molecular association complexes of both lipids and proteins in the membrane plane.
The fluid mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson in 1972 shows how proteins are embedded in membranes.
The design of such functional supramolecular systems was inspired by the bilayer fluid mosaic structure of the cell membrane.
In 1972, Singer and Nicolson developed the fluid mosaic model to explain the composition of the cell membrane bilayer with randomly oriented globular proteins and lipids [16].
In 1972, Singer and Nicolson made the important distinction between integral and peripheral membrane proteins in the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes[14].
Usual type of widely accepted structure of cell membrane is fluid mosaic model with outward and inward projection of polar heads and non-polar heads with several embedded globular proteins.
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Indeed, cell membrane is composed of a mixture of phospholipids in a fluid phase and as such, in the classical fluid-mosaic model of membrane [ 15], membranes components undergo isotropic random movement akin to Brownian motion [ 16, 17].
The mosaic fluid model of Singer and Nicolson (Singer and Nicolson, 1972) was recently reviewed in light of a new concept, representing cell membranes as a mosaic of highly structured microdomains, called membrane rafts, alternating with less organised regions (Lingwood and Simons, 2010).
In this model, the tube wall is assumed to be covered by a mosaic of fluid elements of random age and laminar flow with unsteady profiles of velocity, temperature, or concentration.
The concept that the cell membrane is more mosaic than fluid with nonrandom distribution of lipids was a major step in understanding the behavior of cells, particularly cell interaction with pathogens (review in [ 25]).
Indeed, culturable Tobacco mosaic virus could be recovered from sputum and thoracentesis fluids obtained from cigarette smokers with a history of pulmonary disease, including lung cancer [31] [33].
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