The electron diffusion layer is the regime of E + Ue × B = E′ ≠0, where E′ is the electric field in the electron fluid frame.
As a trade-off, the simplification can overestimate the wavespeed in the fluid frame by up to a factor of 2, yielding a slightly more diffusive behaviour.
In addition, we define the scalar (b^{2}:= b^{nu}b_{nu}), denoting the square of the fluid frame magnetic field strength as (b^{2}=B^{2}-E^{2}).
To eliminate the electric fields from the equations it is convenient to introduce vectors in the fluid frame and therefore we define the corresponding electric and magnetic field four-vectors as begin{aligned} e^{mu} := F^{munu}u_{nu},qquad b^{mu} := F^{munu} u_{nu}, end{aligned} (5) where (e^{mu}=0) and we obtain the constraint (u_{mu}b^{mu}= 0).
He turns the fluid frames into mnemonic spaces of movement, gesture, and inflection that burn them into consciousness exactly as they're burned into Rick's, and into Malick's own.
But also the way the lips, the jaw, the cheeks are all moving to create sounds — just the simple act of creating consonants and vowels involves a lot of complex muscle motions, and these motions are very fluid from frame to frame.
Fluid-frame density (top) and (log_{10}b^{2}) (bottom) for (t=3000mbox{ M}) on the (y=0) plane (left) and the (z=0) plane (right) in the 3D magnetised torus run with resolution (384times192times192).
The quantities of interest are the rest-frame density ρ, the dimensionless temperature (Theta:= p/rho c^{2}), the magnitude of the fluid-frame magnetic field (vert Bvert =sqrt{b^{2}}), thermal and magnetic pressures (P_{mathrm{gas}}), (P_{mathrm{mag}}) and the plasma-β.
The results, as shown in Figure 7, paralleled the pattern found in IC-induced lung injury, indicating amplified injury in ADX rats as defined by increased albumin leakage (frame A), elevated MPO content (frame B), amplified cytokine levels in BAL fluids (frames C E) and enhanced histopathology of inflammation (neutrophils, fibrin) and injury (hemorrhage) (frames F I).
The dangerous friendship between an angry black youth and the rebellious daughter of a Kansas City judge leads to murder in this lyrical first novel, whose fluid time frame and shifting narrative voice offer an intimate look at the complex kinships of people who define themselves by their regional ties.
In response, this paper argues for an alternative, more fluid interpretive frame, which acknowledges and even celebrates design diversity and acknowledges multiple transition points towards sustainability through the contingent, often messy practices through which architectural artefacts are assembled across sites and societies.
