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Figure 11 shows the algorithm for fluid flow calculation.
Open image in new window Fig. 11 Algorithm of fluid flow calculation.
Fluid flow calculation in PFC2D uses a numerical solution of the Navier Stokes equations.
A semi-analytical model based on a thin screen assumption for fluid flow calculation and on correction factors to Stokes law for drag force is used to compute the particle trajectory.
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Traditionally reservoir engineers use finite difference methods for these fluid flow calculations.
It has been difficult to design an interface method to operate accurately across this spectrum especially for 3D fluid flow calculations which, on the one hand, do not often have the required grid resolution to capture all of the fine scale structures that typically appear in highly stretched interfaces nor, on the other hand, the required accuracy in calculating surface tension forces.
Open image in new window Fig. 4 Description of the computational procedure of two-phase fluid-flow calculations.
The term "friction factor," conventionally defined for fluid flow engineering calculations, is also used for solid mechanics calculations in the drilling industry.
Volume averaging of the pore-scale fluid flow properties allows calculation of the apparent permeability matrix of trabecular bone specimens.
Two alternative prediction techniques were used: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which is based on the solution of the fundamental equations that govern turbulent fluid flow; and 'engineering' calculations based on force coefficients derived from a design code that is in routine use in the Offshore Industry.
In reservoir engineering, the knowledge of Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) properties is of great importance for many uses, such as well test analyses, reserve estimation, material balance calculations, inflow performance calculations, fluid flow in porous media and the evaluation of new formations for the potential development and enhancement oil recovery projects.
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