We applied differential geometry to obtain a closed form solution to characterize the fluid distortion of the stripes.
It is possible that convection may cause bulk fluid distortion.
The portraits are fluid, with mild distortions and broad brush strokes.
It is worth noting that turbulence inherits intermittency (Sorriso-Valvo et al. 1999); otherwise, fully Gaussian fluctuations (no intermittency) imply that there is no wave wave interaction or fluid nonlinearity (like eddy distortion, vortex line entanglement).
This area of research is further complicated by the understanding that QoL can be highly subjective, potentially fluid and open to distortion, making it challenging to measure reliably and accurately.
The finding that interfaces with greater gap thickness (100 μm compared to 50 μm) were more favorable in terms of bony ingrowth for the same amount of initial micromotion is most likely due to the lower physical stimuli for the larger gap condition in terms of fluid flow and shear distortion.
Our approach offers a new way to reduce static or slowly changing wavefront distortions in a fluid flow measurement setup in which a wavefront sensor is not applicable.
In particular, the fluid-dynamic mechanisms creating optical distortions are now better understood, and successful aero-optic scaling laws have been developed.
Sonographic findings in IGM are variable and can include masses, architectural distortion, parenchymal edema, fluid collections, skin thickening and axillary lymphadenopathy [4, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 29, 30].
