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Fluency of word reading [EMT (1-min test), Brus & Voeten, 1980 ] Word recognition was measured by a card with four columns of words (total, 116) with increasing difficulty.
This self-report was confirmed by a screening test: a fluency of word reading test, a test on fluency of pseudoword reading and a verbal IQ measure.
> -wrap-foot> aThe lower the score, the faster the letters were produced bCalculation based on control group SD On the fluency of word reading test, the standard deviation in the control group seemed larger than in the experimental group.
To investigate the stability of first grade reading skill over time, most children in our sample (N = 53) were tested again on fluency of word reading II at the end of second grade (time 5).
Fluency of word reading II Word recognition at time 4 was measured with the use of cards 1A, 2A and 3A of the Drie-Minuten-Toets (3-min test; Verhoeven, 1995).
The large Pearson correlation between fluency of word reading II at time 4 and 5 (r = 0.90) suggests that the individual differences in reading skill within this group of children are quite stable.
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This study has shown that the aggregate additive effect of common SNPs may partly account for the variance in word reading fluency and print exposure, the developmental stability of word reading fluency from ages 7 to 12, and the association between word reading fluency and print exposure.
In this study we conducted a within and between comparison of word reading fluency and accuracy of English- and Hebrew-speaking children in fourth grade.
Our first set of findings concerned the role of genetic factors in the stability of word reading fluency from ages 7 to 12.
We first ran GCTA and twin analyses on TOWRE and ART scores at age 12 to examine the concurrent association of word reading fluency and print exposure.
These findings suggest that the phenotypic stability of word reading fluency from ages 7 to 12 is largely driven by genetic stability.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com