A fluctuation in direction or magnitude of one cell cell force vector exerted on cell m, say f ⇀ i, m, thus has to be counterbalanced by an opposite fluctuation of either the traction forces of cell m, f ⇀ r e s m = − ∫ Ω m T ⇀ (x ⇀ ) d x ⇀, or by the cell cell forces at the remaining interfaces of cell m, ∑ j ≠ i f ⇀ j, m.
Load sensitivity is not a function of temperature fluctuations in this direction [[19]].
At large enough current densities, when the concentration at the cathode approaches zero, we observe large concentration fluctuations in the direction parallel to the electrodes, indicating local fluctuations of the current density.
Initial evidence for such a thought-action coupling during MTT was reported in a study in which spontaneous fluctuations in the direction and magnitude of postural sway were assessed while participants engaged in either retrospective or prospective mental imagery [26].
Individual haemoglobin fluctuations in either direction (mean 1.6±1.2 g/dl) were more substantial.
Alternatively, fluctuations in the direction of selection, quite possible in marginal populations exposed to changes in population densities [ 52], could increase phenotypic variation [ 53].
Fluctuations in the direction of evolution have been demonstrated on the time scale of decades in Darwin finches, where selection on body size and beak shape has changed direction in time (Grant and Grant 2002).
Even when the cytosines seem to remain stacked, they show a greater range of reversible fluctuations in the direction of the major groove (180° to 270° to 5°) than the minor groove (5° to 90° to 180°), which is consistent with the more gradual increase in free energy in the major groove in the PMF profiles.
Manifold tectonically and due to changing overburden, induced uplift and subsidence caused permanently changing hydraulic potentials and thus fluid fluctuations in different directions (Lemcke and Tunn [1956]).
The orientation of the resultant force during a given contraction depends on the architecture of the muscles involved, and cooperation among muscles may induce force fluctuations in multiple directions.
