A fluctuation in direction or magnitude of one cell cell force vector exerted on cell m, say f ⇀ i, m, thus has to be counterbalanced by an opposite fluctuation of either the traction forces of cell m, f ⇀ r e s m = − ∫ Ω m T ⇀ (x ⇀ ) d x ⇀, or by the cell cell forces at the remaining interfaces of cell m, ∑ j ≠ i f ⇀ j, m.
In other words, because of the stochastic fluctuations in direction, the axon takes longer to grow out in the mutants.
Besides strength, our ridge detection algorithm also reported a width for each ridge point (see Supplementary Materials for details), which depicts the ion positional fluctuation in the direction perpendicular to the path.
Since our primary stated objective was to analyze the effect of acute fluctuation on accuracy, our definitions of SAIF did not specifically address patients with high ICP being treated, but included all patients with significant fluctuation in either direction.
Whereas there is little fluctuation in the direction of UNC-40 localization in wild-type animals, and much fluctuation in the UNC-40 (A1056V) and unc-53;unc-6 experiments, in these mutants the fluctuation is intermediate with a ventral bias.
Conversely, temporal fluctuation in the direction of selection across the growing season (Sasaki and Ellner 1997), such as from opposing selection pressures by gape-limited and non-gape-limited fish predators whose predation rate varies seasonally (Branstrator 2005), might maintain high levels of genetic variation in Bythotrephes traits both within and across seasons.
The influence of the scale of fluctuation in different directions is investigated.
At large enough current densities, when the concentration at the cathode approaches zero, we observe large concentration fluctuations in the direction parallel to the electrodes, indicating local fluctuations of the current density.
The superlattice geometry leads to an array of 2×2 plaquettes, each of them holding four spin-1∕2 particles that can be used for encoding a single logical qubit in the twofold singlet subspace, insensitive to uniform magnetic field fluctuations in any direction.
Load sensitivity is not a function of temperature fluctuations in this direction [[19]].
Initial evidence for such a thought-action coupling during MTT was reported in a study in which spontaneous fluctuations in the direction and magnitude of postural sway were assessed while participants engaged in either retrospective or prospective mental imagery [26].
