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For instance, Brownian motion is well described by the Langevin equation (or generalized Langevin equation) when the random fluctuation force is assumed to be white noise (or non-white noise).
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The physical contrast of the sediments caused by sea-level fluctuations forces fractures to solely concentrate in the brittle layers.
Periodic pressure fluctuation may force the impeller or volute to vibrate, and resonance may occur when the frequency of pressure fluctuation approaches the natural frequency of pump components.
Since there is a direct relation between flexural, shear and axial forces, the fluctuation in axial force increases the possibility of shear failure.
Obtained via matching distance fluctuations, these force constants represent strengths of mechanical coupling between CG beads.
By introducing a UC risk constraint (UCRC), many stochastic factors such as demand fluctuations, unit force outages, variety of energy price, even the stochastic characteristics of wind generation can be dealt with.
From the drag force fluctuation analysis, we find that the fluctuation is almost proportional to the square root of the size ratio between grains and the intruder.
The wild fluctuations have forced car companies to react more rapidly by taking advantage of strong demand in some markets while steeling themselves for lengthier recoveries in others.
Unsteady fluctuations of forces were predicted numerically.
The quasi-steady expression assumes that force fluctuations follow velocity fluctuations.
Equation (9) is based on the quasi-steady expression which assumes that force fluctuations follow velocity fluctuations.
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