The model takes into account various factors that may be encountered in the industry including gas velocity profile, droplet fraction profile, and velocity fluctuation factor.
Moreover, the load fluctuation factor is defined, based on the maximal and average load amount, and its relationship with primary energy consumption and system exergy losses are established.
Furthermore, with increasing gas turbine efficiency and heating load fluctuation factor, the primary energy saving ratio grows whereas system exergy loss declines.
The results show that the primary energy consumption is mainly influenced by three factors: (1) no-load fuel consumption ratio and rated efficiency of gas turbine; (2) heating load fluctuation factor; (3) ratio of heat to electricity load.
In addition, for the sake of obtaining steady mechanical characteristics and preventing interference from environmental fluctuation factor, each test was performed when the thermal drift dropped down to 0.01 nm/s.
In such a case, the up-fluctuation factor ( lambda^{text{u}} ) and down-fluctuation factor ( lambda^{text{d}} ) introduced in Section 2 can meet the rules, that is, ( lambda^{text{u}} in [0,1] ) and ( lambda^{text{d}} in [ - 1,0] ).
Such heterogeneity can arise from specific genetic architectures amplifying stochastic fluctuations in factors affecting gene expression, and this also drives variation in eukaryotic cells.
Variation in gene expression levels may surge with increased fluctuations in factors like DNA copy number that influence transcription.
