The membrane flux adapted directly to the variation in influent flowrate s without great delay because of the small hydraulic inertness of the submerged membrane systems.
An advantage of the rotating disk reactor is that the hydrodynamics of the phases can be decoupled and the gas flowrate can be increased without constraints in the liquid phase, unlike conventional agitated reactors that are limited by flooding.
Case studies, including one for a paper mill and another for an alumina plant, are presented to illustrate the versatility of the approach in generating superior practical designs for ZWD networks involving fixed contaminant-load and fixed flowrate processes with and without water loss.
A preliminary model estimates the aeration flowrate which will keep the solids fluidized without large wall jets.
The required water flowrate can be obtained directly from the water supply system without the need to install siphon boxes.
It is demonstrated by a case study that, without altering the piping network design and total flowrate, our flowrate allocation scheme substantially reduces the overall moisture drydown time of the gas distribution system.
The required flushwater flowrate can be obtained directly from the fresh water supply system without the need to install siphon boxes.
The issue of scale-up is relatively simple for HFB and since the cells are separated from the bulk flow of media, the flowrate can be set based on the required transport across the membrane without the usual constraint of shear stress on the cells.
Using the optimum flowrate, up to 95% of the P. tricornutum cells were separated from the culture without affecting the cell viability.
