There are various factors involved in the flowing of runoff and flooding, including intensity of rainfall, watershed slope, soil infiltrability, topographic conditions, topographic features, vegetation, and soil saturation (Thomas, 1968; Eard 1975).
Concave slopes are especially common where overland-flow runoff transports sediment derived from upper slopes.
Surface flows of hydrological interest, including overland flow, runoff, river and channel flow and flooding have received significant attention from modellers in the past 30 years.
"There wouldn't be any glaciers any more at all". Taking different glacier retreat scenarios into account, Huss estimates that currently glacierised basins might contribute 55 to 85percentt less water to stream flow runoff by the end of the 21st century.
Comparison of the time to peak flow, peak flow, runoff volume and TSS removal rates between the measured and modeled values in model verification phase had a maximum difference of 11%.
The karstic system of the Brionne Basin can be considered as both the focus of rapid horizontal flows (runoff, a rapid process in which rainwater reaches the spring directly through sinkholes) and slow vertical flows (leaching, in which rainwater filters through the soil to the spring).
Failure of urban drainage capacity to flow surface runoff due to rainfall is possibly to be a factor from many other factors causing flood in urban areas.
Thus 50%% of rainfall volume flows as runoff in the area.
By default, it is a sewer with everything picked up by the runoff flowing with it -- a mélange of trash, pollutants, fertilizer and animal waste.
Floodwaters entered the domestic air terminal, Don Muang, in one of the most striking failures in the effort to defend Bangkok, the capital, from runoff flowing from the north.
Ditches have to be repaired, holes filled and entire roads regraded to make them smooth and give them the convex shape necessary to keep runoff flowing.
