Sentence examples for flower orientation from inspiring English sources

In particular, the tests show that the method was robust with a high percentage success in flower cutting regardless of the shape and size of the flower, the flower transporter velocity, the flower orientation (upward/downward), etc.

Flower orientation varies from pendent or deflexed (hanging down) as in N. triandrus (see illustration, left), through declinate-ascendant as in N. alpestris = N. pseudonarcissus subsp. moschatus, horizontal (patent, spreading) such as N. gaditanus or N. poeticus, erect as in N. cavanillesii, N. serotinus and N. rupicola (Table I), or intermediate between these positions (erecto-patent).

Flower orientation states were coded as nodding, horizon, and up (i.e., upward facing).

Bumblebees are known to take flower orientation into account when foraging as prior understanding of flower orientation affects flower handling [ 38], the minimization of handling time enhancing foraging efficiency.

Specifically, we performed reconstructions for corolla shape, flower orientation, the ratio of stigma versus stamen length, and leaf arrangement (Additional file 11: Table S4).

For example, the nodding flower orientation is thought to have evolved to avoid pollen damage and nectar dilution by rainfall [ 30, 31, 37, 38].

Recurved and campanifolium petals and the nodding habit evolved in the last shared ancestor of the N-N lilies around 7.5 Mya, and distinguish them from Nomocharis, which retained flat/open flowers and horizon orientation (Fig.  7c, d).

Attractants are primarily perianth pigmentation, complemented by a range of floral odours in many species, but flower shape and tepal orientation, in particular functional floral symmetry, may be equally important for some pollinators.

The degree of herkogamy differs among populations and depends, at least partly, on the geometry of the blossom (the relative orientation of male and female flowers; Armbruster et al. 2009).

Burr et al. also discussed the use of very small UV absorptive areas on flowers as guides for orientation to reward (Burr et al., 1995).

The second factor was more important in the studied Ipomoea, since intertaxa differences in the morphometry and spatial orientation of flowers allow to use slightly different parts of the pollinator's body for pollen deposition.