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To realize the advantages of FT pretreatment in a practical context, it is necessary to address the mechanical complexities of arranging a bed of biomass for flow through configuration at scale while also avoiding unacceptably high energy requirements and sugar dilution.
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The microfluidic flow-through configuration represents a promising approach to the development of cost-effective electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment.
Nitrate conversion on conventional Pd Cu catalysts can be dramatically promoted in catalytic membrane reactors operating in flow-through configuration.
A mixed media fuel-flexible direct alcohol microfluidic fuel cell (μDAFC) with flow-through configuration is introduced.
An original self-contained enzymatic microreactor − detector in a thin layer flow-through configuration has been developed for the screening of tyrosinase inhibitors.
The flow-through configuration not only yields a lower return on investment, but it is impractical due to a requirement of extremely low flow rates (Re < 0.001).
This result can be explained by recalling the assumption of rapid adsorption kinetics used in the simulation and considering that the flow-through configuration forces all analytes to pass through the nanopores in close proximity to the pore walls.
For analytes with bulk diffusivities around 10−10 m2/s, the flow-through configuration provides less than threefold improvement in simulated equilibrium times compared to the flow-over scheme.
An economic comparison is made between electrode configurations for flow redox battery applications: (i) the flow-through configuration (current parallel to the fluid flow) and (ii) the flow-by configuration (current perpendicular to the fluid flow).
We note that although the flow-through configuration with open-ended pores maintains approximately fivefold improvement in equilibrium time throughout the simulated concentration range, the impact on time saving by the flow-through scheme is stronger for analyte at lower bulk concentrations.
The enhanced convective transport of analytes in the open-ended pores causes the sensor response time to be less dependent on analyte diffusion rate; therefore, large molecules with low diffusivities reach equilibrium almost as rapidly as small molecules in the flow-through configuration.
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