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We have revised 2014 2015 lava flow outlines using field observations where possible.
The advancing lava flow is depicted as a series of flow outlines produced from HVO field mapping from Dec 16 , 2014 through Jan 10 , 2015
Errors may be introduced by extrapolation of flow outlines where they are obscured by cloud or vegetation and by uncertainties in the location of flow edges of up to 15 m (resolution of the ASTER imagery).
The following day, the Copernicus Emergency Management Service satellite image acquisition was activated (http://emergency.copernicus.eu; Activation ID: EMSR-111), which mapped lava flow outlines throughout the eruption (Fig. 2) to facilitate crisis management.
Lava flow outlines obtained by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (based on satellite imagery of resolution 0.5 m, 1 m or 3 m) were then overlain on the building locations in GIS to establish the numbers of buildings affected.
The total surface area of each lava flow mapped was calculated from our digitised flow outlines and multiplied by a uniform thickness, which was the mean of all field thickness measurements made for that flow, to calculate an approximation of the total volume change between 2002 and 2009 (Table 2).
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A contour extraction solution is proposed in accordance with the space's morphological characteristics and the material flow outline in one frame.
By following the DCMA takedown flow outlined above, the sites can continue to function while still demonstrating at least a semblance of respect for copyrights.
We compared our projected paths of steepest descent to the lava flow's actual progression using a time-series of flow outline GIS polygons provided by USGS and Civil Defense.
In addition to damage descriptions and insights, which are described over the following sections, field observations were used to ground-truth our remotely derived assessments of damage, particularly for those buildings or objects near the peripheries of the flow outline for which projection or resolution issues with the satellite images may have led to some mismatch.
The depleted serum samples were subsequently processed and labeled with iTRAQ reagent as shown in the work flow outlined in Figure 1.
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