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One rationale for the pro-inflammatory nature of exosomes derived from mycobacteria - infected cells is due to their endocytic origin; it is known that there is constant flow of membrane components between endosomes and phagosomes.
Current models posit that regulation of ciliary membrane protein composition is controlled by bidirectional flow of membrane proteins from the cell body to the cilium and back.
It is yet unclear whether sphingolipids and sterols follow bulk flow of membrane materials in the endocytic pathway or are preferably recycled by retromer and GARP complexes.
Thus, the flow of membrane from the ER through the ERGIC might be compromised in USH mutants, and this could contribute to the reduced numbers of stereocilia we observed in mutant hair cells (Fig. 1).
The traffic of SV components between the ER and the Golgi is likely non-specific, with these proteins following the general flow of membrane traffic between the two organelles (Watson & Stephens, 2005).
In plants, a massive flow of membrane vesicles from TGN/early endosome to the plane of cell division sustains, by fusion, the rapid formation and outward expansion of the partitioning cell plate (Samuels et al., 1995).
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To date, the majority of assays to monitor autophagy either measure changes in a parameter of the process at a set point in time or use markers/tracers to monitor flow of membrane-bound proteins from one point in the process to another.
Golgi apparatus plays a central role in the flow of membranes, proteins, and carbohydrates through the cell.
It is assumed that the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus stacks are visited by the molecules to be modified, and there occurs a flow of membranes and contents across the stacks.
Our calculations clearly demonstrate the complex dependence of the flow on membrane properties, hollow-fiber module geometry, and operating conditions.
This investigation provides a good basis for developing more accurate analytical models for the flow resistance of membrane filters with a cake layer on top.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com