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A cubic non-linear k ε model was used to simulate the typical rod bundle flow effects, such as secondary flow and non-isotropic turbulence.
An advantage of flow-based allocation (Batycky et al. 2005) over allocation factors based on fixed streamtubes are so-called time-of-flight models (Samier et al. 2001), which account in the sum of well capacitance for transient flow effects such as well shut-ins, infill drilling, changes in injection rate and/or field pressure decline (e.g. Tiab and Dinh 2013).
Validation of the DEFORM model and the MATLAB algorithm of the material flow against industrial data indicated that it gave excellent predictions of the pressure and temperature history during extrusion as well as material flow effects such as surface cladding as one billet is fed in after another through the die.
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Micro-simulation noise models relax the hypothesis of no interaction between vehicles and fully capture traffic flow dynamic effects such as queue evolution.
So Apple's compact personal computer replaced IBM's ungainly behemoths thereby disrupting computer functionality through miniaturization, with many flow-on effects such as the disruptions to the music industry and the transport industry.
Causal modeling and path analyses of the experimental data revealed that the uptake of glucose was largely driven by physical processes related to flow heterogeneity, whereas biodiversity effects, such as complementarity, most likely contributed to the enhanced uptake of putatively recalcitrant DOC compounds in the streambeds with higher flow heterogeneity.
The hydrodynamic effects such as flow velocity and shear stress at the surface influence fouling.
While Taylor's approximation of fluid forces (Taylor, 1952) is very accurate for straight rods in uniform steady flow, it does not capture effects such as vortex shedding that are characteristic of swimming.
Subsequent studies suggested the decrease in net ion flow could result from several effects, such as avidin blocking the channel entrances or preventing the cholates from adopting conformations that permit ion transit (avidin binding sites are 30 Å apart).
In industrial applications, inserts of various sizes and shapes are often used to improve the flow properties and get rid of undesirable effects such as material sticking to the walls, funnel flow, arching, etc.
It is important to highlight at this point that our calculations also take into account several additional realistic and presumably very important effects such as mantle flow, the bent-plate geometry, as well as the relatively small frictional parameter changes that take place from one region to another along the trench.
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